![]() The applied assessment methods vary by country/jurisdiction however, detailed information is markedly disparate, sparse in peer-reviewed literature, and inconsistent in “grey” literature ( Table 2). In North America, 531 rivers have defined CLs with 87 assessed, and 41 (47%) achieving CLs in 2019 (ICES, 2022a Table 1). Across nine European jurisdictions, a total of 1010 rivers now have defined salmon CLs, 652 of which were assessed with 295 (45%) of these achieving their process-defined management thresholds (CLs) in 2019. ![]() The development of national approaches has increased in pace over the past decade (ICES, 2021a). ![]() This has played a significant role in shaping the development of Atlantic salmon management policy and scientific advice, across the North Atlantic, including Ireland, and in line with scientific best practices, towards river-specific, risk-based approaches. ![]() Provide catch options or alternative management advice with associated risk assessments for the fisheries regulated by NASCO and homewater fisheries for all salmon stocks. Provide stock conservation limits (CLs) and management targets (MTs) for all river stocks Īdvise on the risks of not achieving the objectives of NASCO or its contracting parties by considering uncertainty in the current state of the stocks, in biological reference points related to specific management objectives (MOs), and in fishery management capabilities Contracting parties to NASCO’s adoption of a precautionary approach (NASCO, 1998) are committed to requesting, inter alia, scientific advisors to: NASCO (North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization), in particular, obtained agreement from its contracting parties to adopt the precautionary approach (FAO, 1995, 1996) to wild salmon fishery management (NASCO, 1998). Parrish et al., 1998 Mills et al., 2013 Strøm et al., 2019).Ĭoncern about the declining status of the Atlantic salmon motivated an international effort to move from an exploitation-oriented to a conservation-oriented approach to wild salmon fisheries management. Despite the introduction of these international restrictions on distant water and open sea fisheries, and national restrictions on home-water fisheries during the late 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, declines in salmon returns continued throughout the 1990s, with reduced marine survival identified as a primary among many contributing factors (e.g. In response to reductions in observed catches and estimates of stock abundances, management measures were implemented in the mid-1980s, beginning with the application of total allowable catches (TACs) to distant water fisheries at the Faroes and West Greenland these have been progressively reduced, eventually to a recommended allowable catch of zero (ICES, 2020). The abundances of anadromous Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) in national homewaters have seen a marked decline across most of its North Atlantic range since a peak during the 1970s (Parrish, et al., 1998 Chaput, 2012 ICES, 2021a). On-going management policy of adopting scientific advice and allowing exploitation only on stocks exceeding CLs is central to the objective of protecting salmon stocks. Given declines in mid-latitude Atlantic salmon populations over 30 years, the novel framework presented provides an approach to protect stocks failing to meet spawning thresholds while supporting sustainable exploitation of those achieving them. Since management implementation and cessation of at-sea mixed-stock fisheries, there has been a deterioration in the performance of many individual stocks, without any sustained increase in fisheries open to harvest. Outputs include quantification of risk of stocks not attaining conservation limits (CL) and surpluses above CL on stocks able to support sustainable exploitation via total allowable catches (TAC), with monitoring by rod catch or fish counter. The risk assessment approach, applied at the river scale, jointly incorporates uncertainty in estimated and forecasted returning salmon numbers with the level of uncertainty around spawning requirements (Conservation Limits). Here we review international salmon-stock assessments and describe a simple, transferable catch-advice framework, established for management of fisheries that conforms to international obligations. International wild Atlantic salmon management priorities have moved from exploitation to conservation since the 1990s, recognizing the need to protect diversity and abundance at individual river levels amid widespread declines.
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